FAA GIVES SHERIFF GREEN LIGHT TO FLY

UAV Option New to Law Enforcement Across the Country

By Heather S. Benjamin, PIO/Information and Communication Manager
Mesa County Sheriff’s Office, Colorado

On August 31, 2009, the Mesa County Sheriff’s Office, Colorado attained monumental authorization from the U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) operations. The authorization granted by the FAA allows the Sheriff’s Office to conduct tests and evaluation flights of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the Draganflyer X6, by receiving a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA). The COA is granted by the FAA for a one year period allowing the agency to test their UAV.

The Draganflyer X6 was chosen mainly because it fit the COA requirements and fit the needs of our agency simultaneously, with our desire to make the FAA process as stream lined as possible. Ben Miller says he reviewed at least 50 various UAV products before selecting the Draganflyer X6.

This comes after an 18 month research project where extensive thought and comparison of UAVs, cost, application process with the FAA, and more were considered. Most recently, the Sheriff’s Office completed a six month application process through the FAA to receive a COA and has since begun to evaluate the UAV. COAs are known amongst the UAS industry as moderately unattainable and even agencies like the National Aeronautics and Space Administration have been denied, according to the FAA website.

The Draganflyer X6 is a small, remotely operated, electric helicopter built by Draganfly Innovations of Saskatchewan, Canada. Built of mostly carbon fiber the Draganflyer X6 overall weight is just over two pounds and can carry a payload of just over one pound. Payloads include the FLIR Tau infrared camera and a Panasonic Lumix LX3 digital still camera. Payloads are remotely operated and real time images/video are visible via a laptop operated on a ground station.

Operations of unmanned aerial vehicles by public agencies in the National Airspace (NAS) is a predominantly uncharted territory and thus the FAA regulations are considered interim at best, according to the FAA website. The Sheriff’s Office hopes to provide flight mission data to the FAA to aid them in the drafting of federal aviation regulations to govern the use of these small unmanned systems. The COA provides the Sheriff’s Office approval to fly the Draganflyer X6 in an area two miles in diameter located five miles southeast of the Grand Junction Regional Airport with an operational ceiling no greater than 400 feet above ground level (AGL). These flights must remain visual line of sight (VLOS) and are not allowed after dark. Local air traffic must be contacted 24 hours and 15 minutes prior to flight as well as filing a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) describing specific flight operations.

“This is an applicable technology to law enforcement that I am convinced will save lives,” the Sheriff’s Office Quartermaster Ben Miller, said. Miller is one of two employees who are trained to operate the Draganflyer X6.

The Draganflyer X6 model is priced at about $25,000 US dollars in 2009, but the Sheriff’s Office currently has it under a lease agreement. The company, Draganfly Innovations Incorporated is a privately owned company who have been a pleasure to work with through this process, Miller said. Draganfly has a relationship with law enforcement in Canada, most likely based on the location of the company and thus was excited to work with a U.S. law enforcement agency who is enthusiastic about venturing in new FAA territory.

Casey Dodson flying the Draganflyer X6

Without trying any products but deciding on the Draganflyer X6, as an agency we couldn’t justify an outright purchase of the product. The FAA won’t permit demonstrations of UAVs without COAs. Thus, we were limited to on-line videos and personal recommendations, and technical articles to help us make our decision on the product that most fit our project guidelines.

“Right now we don’t own this equipment. We’re struggling to figure out how this exceptional technology that we believe will save lives can fit in an environment where out budget is cut and our employees are losing ground in employment benefits as cost savings measures are continually implemented by our County government,” Sheriff Stan Hilkey said. “Using tax payer funds for this type of important research and development has never been more unpopular. When and if the time comes to try and purchase this equipment we may attempt to use seized drug funds from our local seizure board, which will make this more acceptable to our struggling constituency, and also increase the collaboration with the resource as the seizure board has broad representation from all law enforcement agencies in our County.”

The Draganflyer X6 was chosen mainly because it fit the COA requirements and fit the needs of our agency simultaneously, with our desire to make the FAA process as stream lined as possible. Ben Miller says he reviewed at least 50 various UAV products before selecting the Draganflyer X6.

The Mesa County Sheriff’s Office has, to date, conducted over 72 Search and Rescue (SAR) missions in 2009. “With the ability to attain a bird’s eye view of a search area for a fraction of the cost of operating full-scale aviation assets, UAS technology is a great fit,” Hilkey said.

In direct reference to a SAR mission, anytime you have terrain that takes time to get across, you will save significant time by flying it. The perspective of having eyes at ground level – essentially

Ben Miller at the Command Center

six feet off the ground, versus having ‘eyes’ 200 feet off the ground – is greatly beneficial when looking at a vast amount of terrain. We can over lap that view with maps, information from the reporting party and this is one way to make a quicker incident action plan, and in Colorado less time to rescue equals more lives saved. We do anticipate that an initial

deployment during the first phases of a ‘hasty searching’ that occurs in SAR events could potentially save man hours and volunteer hours in the field.

Our effort is solidly based on the desire to add tools to make our jobs easier and safer, Hilkey emphasizes. In the SAR aspect, if we can deploy and find either our objective or clues to it, then it has proven to be valuable, especially in circumstances where persons are at risk due to climate, terrain, health, etc. In a tactical aspect, the measurement would be more in officer safety. How can we measure the ability to see hostile threats, or tactically be safer because we know the layout of a compound, terrain, etc., Hilkey went on to say.

Over the summer months of 2009, about 40 miles outside of Grand Junction, in a remote area along a two lane state highway, a pick-up truck with a trailer attached and a semi-truck crashed spilling hundreds of gallons of an acidic material. The Grand Junction Haz-Mat team arrived, but not before a number of first responders who attempted to control traffic and assist the occupants of the vehicles were exposed to toxic gases. Hazardous fumes were a major concern and trying to determine a safe boundary for all involved as well as the media took several hours. It is anticipated that the Draganflyer X6 could have been put in the air, above the spill with either live video and/or sensor payloads to quickly determine a safe range from the acidic fumes and total size of contaminated area.

Casey Dodson and Ben Miller

The X6 can also provide crime scene photographs, evidentiary search support and real time mission data to special response teams inside law enforcement. Tactical operations, such as a previous incident where we had a man who was thought to have barricaded himself in his house or position himself in the field surrounding his house. But deputies knew he had weapons and he was believed to be a danger to law enforcement. Looking back on that SWAT operation that took several hours through the night and into the early morning, Commanders on-scene believe that if we had the Draganflyer X6 in operation at the time, it could have been used to clear the farm field surrounding the suspect’s house. The man hours, the labor and the time it took to surround a large farm field – covering about ¼ of a mile around the house – could have been cut down to 20 or 30 minutes with one man operating the Draganflyer X6.

These are only a few examples of how Hilkey and his staff hope to put the Draganflyer X6 to use over the next year, really putting it to the test of this agency’s needs and thoroughly testing it for all the benefits to law enforcement. For any agency interested in learning more about the testing phase or the equipment being used by the Mesa County Sheriff’s Office, email Miller at Benjamin.Miller@mesacounty.us.